A Study On B H Restaurant - 1339 Words

The study took place in B H Restaurant, which is located in 127 2nd Ave, New York, NY 10003, United States. The study was achieved in two separate visits each taking a period of two hours in the restaurant. The first visit to the restaurant was conducted on 13 October 2014 from 9A.M to 11A.M. The last visit was conducted on 14 October 2014 from 12 noon to 2 P.M. The restaurant is located bet 7th St and St Marks Place. It is a traditional genuine diner-style restaurant. A local restaurant is usually located in New York City, which is a federal district of New York. The restaurant serves breakfast, lunch and dinner with Cuisine like pierogies, borscht, latkes, challah bread and savory blintzes. The juice bar section offers wheatgrass shots and fresh juices. It offers unique eating experience in an attractive environment at the soothe of outdoor terraces. No alcohol drinks are provided in the restaurants. The fees at the restaurant are fair and the menu collection is most appropriate to more developed tastes. The restaurant opening hours are between 7:00 A.M to 11:00 P.M. The demographic population of B H restaurant changes hour from hour on any day. Early in morning, most customers will be loggers and tradesmen having breakfast before going to their work activities. In the midmorning, which is around 9A.M to 11A.M customers in the restaurant consist of residents who have already retired from work and therefore use B H restaurant as a socializing place. In theShow MoreRelatedAn Experimental Approach And Avoidance Motivation Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesManagement, 28(8), 1510-1534. Baron, R. A. (1990). Lighting as a source of positive affect. Progressive Architecture, 71, 123–124. Batra, A. (2015). An Examination of the Role of Restaurant Attributes on Patrons Dining Experience and Their Post-Purchase Intentions. International Tourism and Hospitality in the Digital Age, 125. Berman, B., Evans, J. R. (1995). Retail management: A strategic approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall. Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundingsRead MoreTips For Preventing Food Poisoning906 Words   |  4 Pageswork place. ï  ¬ Washing hands before or after dealing some specific tasks (work, smoking, etc.); ï  ¬ Suitable temperature for food storage and cooking (below 5 and above 60); ï  ¬ Handling of equipment; The food safety guidelines apply to the whole restaurant. 5 strengths including: 1. Keeping hygiene factors; 2. Avoiding food poisoning; 3. Foods can be store in a proper and tidy way; 4. Foods can be stored for longer time; 5. Easier for new staffs to follow as guidelines were set 5 weakness including:Read MoreData File 1 Statistics in Educational Research1504 Words   |  7 Pagesstatistics are indications that this is a sample (Bennett, Briggis, amp; Triola, 2009). b) An investigation of 150 randomly selected local restaurants concluded that 42% of local restaurants have serious health code violations. Is this a population or a sample; explain your answer. The 150 randomly selected local restaurants were used to determine the characteristics of all of the restaurants in local area. Raw data was collected to estimate a population parameter; therefore, this is aRead MoreA Product Recommendation System Based On Mobile Context1359 Words   |  6 Pagesdatabase server. The client-side requests data or the relevant parameters via POST such as user surrounding contextual information, personal preferences, and so on. JSON (Javascript Object Notation) is a data exchange language to respond to the requests. b. RECOMMENDATION BY CONTEXT Such a recommendation system collects the user s location season, and preferences of the type of product. Users can set their preferred time, eating habits, or even hide disliked products and the system collects the logsRead MoreDominos Sizzles with Pizza Tracker1511 Words   |  7 PagesINTERACTIVE SESSION: ORGANIZATIONS DOMINOS SIZZLES WITH PIZZA TRACKER When it comes to pizza, everyone has an opin ion . Some of us think th at our current pizza is just fine the way it is. Others h ave a favorite pizza joint th at makes it like no on e else. And m any pizza lovers in America agreed up until recentl y that Dom ino s home-delivered pizza was amo ng the worst. The home-delivery market for pizza cha ins in th e United States is approximat ely $15 billion per year. Dominos, whichRead MoreEssay on Low Income Families Living in Food Deserts1326 Words   |  6 Pagesconvenience stores and fast food restaurants because it is all they can afford. Socio-economic status is a defining characteristic of food deserts. Food deserts are most commonly found in areas dominated by minorities and low-income families. Studies show that wealthy areas have about triple the amount of supermarkets as poor urban areas do. In addition to this, predominantly white communities have about 4 times as many grocery stores as predominantly black ones do. Studies also show that grocery storesRead MoreCalorie Labeling Policy And Its Effects On Consumer Decisions1163 Words   |  5 Pagesstill in the process of evaluation. However, several studies have been conducted to analyze the effect of this policy over several years. In one particular study, participants were randomly assigned a menu without calorie labels, a menu with calorie labels or a menu with calorie labels and a label stating the recommended daily caloric intake for an average adult (Roberto,2010). Food choices and intake were then evaluated during and after the study dinner. 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Martinez Proposed Titile: Benta Bento â€Å"Meal to Go† Type of Study: Enterprise Development Project A P P R O V E D: VICTORIANO N. RODIL MA. CIELLA SRead MoreHow Do China Born Immigrants Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Question 4: How do China-born immigrants in the GTA describe the challenges and successes in starting their own businesses as entrepreneurs? Three themes emerged for this research question: (a) Troubled marriages; (b) Raising funds; and (c) Opportunities to help other newcomers. Following is a discussion of each of these themes. Theme 1: Troubled marriages. Of 21 participants, six (P1, P2, P8, P11, P12, and P18) experienced trouble in their marriages after they landed in Canada. Three

The Effects Of Climate Change On The Alaskan Environment...

Every country in the world has been affected by climate change. Climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system that persists for several decades or longer (Montgomery, 2015). Climate change (or global warming) can be caused by a natural progress such as sun s radiations and volcanoes, or it can be caused by human s actions such as land use, deforestation, and pollution. (Hardy, 2003).This phenomenon not only affects the environment, but it also affects human lives. Alaska is the largest state in the United States. It includes lands on both sides of the Arctic Circle. Sixteen national wildlife refuges are home to a great variety of flora and fauna. In the past 60 years. The Alaska s environment changed drastically; the climate is warming up as twice as much in comparison to all the other states. This essay will discuss firstly the climate change in the Alaskan environment. Then it will highlight the changes in the ocean and costs, the effects that global warming is having on Alaska s natives and the melting permafro st. It will then finally address who is responsible for this effects and some measures that can be taken. The first effect that global warming is having on Alaska regards coasts and oceans. In the northern summer, the sea ice is decreasing faster than previously recorded and it is foreseen to melt before mid-century (Chapin, F.S 2014). Solid ice is disappearing as there are no longer massive icebergs during fall and winter,Show MoreRelatedClimate Change And The United States1574 Words   |  7 Pagesreport will analyze climate change and the initiative that the United States is taking in the Arctic. If ignored, climate change poses serious problems for the world’s population in the near future. The increasing amount of media regarding the severity of climate change has pushed researchers for answers. The report will explore the causes of climate change, how climate change is affecting the ecology, economy and people in the Alaskan Arctic, and possible solutions to the climate changing. 1.2 BackgroundRead MoreThe Carbon Of Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment1209 Words   |  5 Pagesextent of Arctic carbon cycling impacts to the Arctic atmosphere and the local Alaskan ecology. The data results of this mission will help both NASA and global scientists better understand how the estimated rate of greenhouse gas emissions affect the rise in temperature and potential impact of Earth’s future climate near and long-term. The CARVE mission goals intend to answer important questions about Earth climate change. Ultimately, CARVE will provide an integrated set of data that will provide unprecedentedRead More Drilling Alaska: America Needs to Adopt Conservation Practices!1645 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol activities to ensure that activities â€Å"will result in no significant adverse effects on the fish, and wildlife, their habitat, subsistence resources and the environment.† I wonder if regulation can effectively prevent such damage? Can the most high-tech, compact, thoroughly monitored development still pose an unacceptable risk to the wilderness? In a situation such as this where the natural environment is at a serious risk and the public and decision makers are in a dispute, we must allRead MoreGlobal Environmental Change In Glaciers : The Impact Of The Global Climate Change876 Words   |  4 Pagesevaluated invertebrates from several regions affected by shrinking glaciers with the goal to determine the impact of the global environmental change in related ecosystems. Glaciers and Inhabitants Earth is now facing a big thaw as the world continues to warm up. Glaciers in various cold regions are melting due to the rise of global temperature, a result of climate change caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. One of many locations dominated by glaciers is the Glacier NationalRead MoreAlaska s Coal Clean Coal2249 Words   |  9 Pagesimpacts on the environment, wildlife, and Alaskans. Altogether coal is one of the most dangerous sources of energy to the well being of the environment. According to Tim Appenzeller in â€Å"High Cost of Cheap Coal: The Coal Paradox,† â€Å"of all fossil fuels, coal puts out the most carbon dioxide per unit of energy, so burning it poses a further threat to global climate, already warming alarmingly† (1). Mining enough coal to supply the world, would really take a toll on Alaska’s climate because of its vastRead MoreWidespread Biomes: Tundra 856 Words   |  3 Pagesregarding the subject of climate change. 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Scene Analysis Sexuality in Blue Angel Free Essays

In Josef von Sternberg’s film Blue Angel, female sexuality is defined through the character Lola Lola. The lead female character is captured using select subject-camera distances that seem to make her appear powerful and in control. The medium shots of Professor Rath and the full shots of Lola Lola during the first â€Å"falling in love again† performance are used to compare the emotional male character to the empowered female character, and therefore illustrate the evolving sexual identity of women. We will write a custom essay sample on Scene Analysis: Sexuality in Blue Angel or any similar topic only for you Order Now The scene begins with a full shot of Lola Lola performing in front of a large audience. Her posture and attire are fully captured by the camera as she sings to the crowd. With her hands on her hip, she performs confidently in an outfit that emphasizes her figure. The camera suddenly shifts to another full shot following Professor Rath to his reserved seat. Because the beautiful singer mesmerizes him, he must be ushered to his seat above the crowd. Again, a full shot captures the performer before she is interrupted for a formal introduction of Professor Rath. The first medium shot in this scene shows the Professor wildly looking below at the crowd. A scanning full shot of the crowd is quickly given before returning to a seemingly happy Rath. Once again Lola strolls around the stage with her hands on her hips; the camera follows her as she sits down and sings to the delighted professor. Although the camera zooms in slightly for a three-quarter shot, the viewer is able to see her streamline body, while she enchants the main character. Rath is filmed from the waist up once more and is visibly consumed by his emotions, while the singer w is captured fully in a slightly seductive position. The camera shifts to a peculiar three-quarter shot of the clown and a musician. From this view, the camera follows the clowns upward gaze as he looks upward at Professor Rath. The camera is slightly distanced from the sitting professor, so the viewer may see a tall sculpture portraying the female body. The Professor becomes visibly uncomfortable by the artwork and awkwardly shifts in his chair until his eyes fall back onto Lola Lola. The camera then switches back and forth between full shots of the alluring singer and medium shots of the entranced man; she appears to be seducing him confidently from the stage as he bashfully watches from afar. The scene closes with a medium shot of the enthralled professor who has truly been captivated by the brazen performer. Throughout the scene, the female character is distanced more than the performer since she is not as emotionally vulnerable as the male lead. Lola remains in control throughout the entire performance, and she effortlessly evokes a response from the man watching her. Professor Rath visibly struggles with the decency of the club. Although the woman singing to professor excites him, the man is slightly uncomfortable with certain aspects of Blue Angel. The subject-camera distances used in Lola’s first performance of â€Å"Falling in Love Again† adds to the movies theme of female sexuality during the Weimer Republic. Full shots capture Lola’s ability to seduce the old professor, while medium shots emphasize his reactions and emotional response. This scene How to cite Scene Analysis: Sexuality in Blue Angel, Essay examples

Foreign Direct Investment in Russia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Perform a Country analysis and assessment of a new emerging Market where rapid GDP growth has created attractive Investment Opportunities. Answer: Introduction Country analysis refers to the detailed evaluation and interpretation of a countrys social, political and economic environment. This is helpful for the investors in the financial market. The following report addresses the country analysis of Russia in respect of the emerging market of textile and apparel industry. It focuses on the general overview of the country and detailed analysis of various social, economic and political factors, which influence the growth of the economy, scope of emerging markets, and level of FDI. The factors for competitive advantage, potential and opportunities of FDI, trade policies, foreign currency and exchange market, and recommendations for the scope of investment in the textile industry will be discussed in this report. Russia, officially the Russian Federation, is the biggest country in the world by the surface area, spanning over 11 time zones, and it is the 9th most populous country, with more than 144 million of people by March 2016 (Neumann 2016). The European western region of the country is more populous and more developed compared to the eastern region. The history of Russia is quite old and over the millennium, the country has gone through major political, social and economic changes. After the Russian Revolution, the Soviet Union was the biggest socialist state in the world. It played a major role in the allied powers in World War II and became the rival of United States in the cold war. The Soviet era witnessed major technological accomplishments of the last century. However, the Union or USSR collapsed in 1991 due to many radical reforms by then president, Mikhail Gorbachev, and the new Russia was born (Kaiser 2017). The economy of Russia holds the 12th position among the largest economies by nominal GDP and 6th by PPP in 2015 (Neumann 2016). The country is one of the market leaders in the production of natural gas and oil. It is part of many economic and social councils of the world. PESTL analysis of Russia PESTL is a market analysis tool, which helps to evaluate the external forces influencing the business and operation of a nation or any organization. PESTL stands for political, Economic, Social, Technological and Legal factors, affecting the external forces of a nation or an organization (Shabanova et al. 2015). The PESTL analysis for Russia is explained below. Political: Russia maintains an open foreign relationship strategy. The country witnessed economic and political turmoil when it got defeated in Afghanistan and the economy was badly affected. The government worked hard to regain stability and currently the system has become economically and politically stable. It has relationships with 191 countries and embassies in 144 countries. However, there is no political freedom in Russia, even though it is a federation and the corruption rate is very high (Vovchenko, Kochka and Pogorelenko 2015). Economic: The economy is growing and expected to reach $3.18 billion GDP by 2018 (Liuhto, Sutyrin and Blanchard 2016). The strong resource sector is the backbone of the economy. However, the corruption and high crime rate in the country discourages the investors for investing in the country, making the financial market vulnerable. Russia has the largest agricultural area and produces more crops than many nations, and maximum of crops gets exported to Asia and Europe. The economy is largely dependent on the price of oil. However, the textile industry in Russia is not developed. The country imports apparels from South East Asia (Shabanova et al. 2015). Social: Russia has a capitalist social structure. There were many social problems, such as, income inequality, high crime rate, high corruption, high death rate, and low living standards. However, the situation is improving with the government intervention (Wirtschafter 2015). Technological: Technology is one of the strengths of the country. When the technological revolution started, Russia became a pioneer in this, especially in space science. The first man in space was a Russian. The technological advancements such as, Nanotechnology and Rosnano, and in IT fields, manufacturing of weapons, and in the fields of mathematics, chemistry, aerospace engineering have contributed significantly in the development of the country (Aslund 2013). Legal: Russian jurisdiction is strong, although people have less political freedom. The government has brought about new legislative reforms in the country to attract investors in the country. The textile and apparel industry is the new emerging market, which has a big scope in the country. With a substantial amount of investments in this sector, it has a scope of huge growth. The industry can focus on the PESTL analysis of the country and can take actions accordingly. Factor endowments creating competitive advantage Russia has been endowed with huge amount of natural resources, such as, oil and natural gas. This leads to low energy prices. Relatively educated work force is another factor leading to competitive advantage. Hence, the reserve of natural resources and raw materials, lower prices of oil and educated work force are the factors for competitive advantage and in the next few years, Russia needs to improve the level of competency through development of skills and competency. These are favorable for the development of manufacturing industry (Series 2014). The textile and apparel industry is one type of manufacturing industry. The lower prices of energy and raw materials, the huge amount of agricultural land and skilled labor can help in the growth of this industry. Russia can easily grow cotton and develop the industry. The conditions of the textile manufacturing plants can be improved and it can produce apparel within the country, rather than importing from other countries (Hansen 2014). However, the economic and international relations factors, such as, exchange rate with other countries should be made favorable. The investors should feel confident about investing in Russia. The government must impose some protection for the domestic producers and thereby encouraging the improvement in the factors for competitive advantage (Kalotay 2015). Foreign currency and foreign exchanges influence The foreign currencies and exchange rate play a major role in the development and shaping of the economy of a nation. The exchange rate is the price of a countrys currency in terms of the currency of another country (Gabaix and Maggiori 2015). Hence, there are two components in the exchange rate, one is the domestic currency and the other is the foreign currency. For international trade, exchange rate is the most important part. It directly affects the export and import of a country. When the Russian Ruble is stronger compared to other currencies, the imports become cheaper and exports become costlier (Ghosh, Ostry and Chamon 2016). The major trading partners of Russia are Italy, Germany, China, Poland, Turkey, UK, USA, Switzerland and Finland. It also has trading partnerships with the countries in South East Asia for the imports of textiles. The other importing products are machineries, vehicles, food, chemical products, consumer goods etc. (Hameed and Rose 2016). The developed industries are machinery construction, energy and fuel, chemical and petrochemical, metallurgy, and agriculture. Thus, the textile industry is not developed yet, rather it is an emerging market. The foreign exchange is a major contributor in the development of the industries in Russia. When the currency appreciated due to high exchange rate, the global investors become interested to invest their money in the hope of higher return (Paw?ta and Miko?ajczyk 2016). Hence, the textile industry would be benefitted if it receives foreign direct investment from global investors. The amount of the investment is dependent on the exchange rate. If t he exchange rate is high in favor of Russia, the Ruble will appreciate and the investors will get higher return from their investments in Russia. The textile industry of Russia can develop with the help of the foreign direct investment. When the industry and domestic market will be developed, the country can reduce the textile imports (Hansen 2014). Existing trade policies, systems, barriers and incentives During the existence of USSR, two main trade policies were state monopoly on the foreign trade and tough protectionism (Makeeva and Chaplygina 2015). After 1991, Russia has adopted extremely liberal principles for establishment of free market. It had started trade with the developed western countries. Russia has trade agreements with European Union, and has membership in World Trade Organization (WTO). It is the 3rd trading partner of EU and EU is the 1st trading partner of Russia (Kuznetsov and Mezhevich 2016). The country has imposed specific tools such as import quota and export quota, import and export licensing, technical regulations in the international trade policies. It also has formulated policies for service trade, although those are not rigid apart from the currency regulation. The new agreement between EU and Russia focuses on building a comprehensive framework for the bilateral trade relations, along with stable and balanced rules for trade and investments. EU is the maj or FDI provider for Russia, by providing almost 75% of the total FDI inflow (Ec.europa.eu 2017). The trade barriers are mostly faced by United States companies while doing business in Russia. They face many tariff and non tariff barriers during exports. Russia banned US agricultural products and food items in 2014 after the annexure of Crimean peninsula. In the financial sector, there is a serious limitation for the foreign companies to access all the financial services in the country. The inefficient banking sector and underdeveloped financial sector are major obstacles towards economic growth of Russia. The restrictions on foreign capital investment and lack of competition in these sectors possess barriers to growth (European Commission 2016). The Russian government has started providing tax incentives and subsidies for investment. It also provides incentives for exports. This is a step towards trade liberalization. Existing level of FDI The FDI inflow in Russia was highest in the year 2008 at 74.8 billion USD and then declined. It again shot up to 69.2 billion USD in 2013 due to the transaction between BP and Rosneft, and declined very sharply to 22 billion USD and 6.5 billion USD in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The rapid fall in FDI inflow in 2014 pushed down the country to the 16th position in FDI inflows in the world from 5th position in 2013. The slump in FDI inflow occurred due to the influence of the conflict in Ukraine, poor climate for investments, introduction of the sanction plans, and downfall of the overall economy due to falling prices of oil (cbr.ru 2017). This was the first year when outward FDI flow exceeded the inward FDI flow in Russia. In 2015, the fall in FDI was 92% from that in 2014. However, the inflow increased by 62% from 2015 and reached 19 billion USD, due to privatization of the Rosneft company (santandertrade.com 2017). (Source: World Bank 2017) (Source: World Bank 2017) The share of FDI is very low in the GDP of Russia, only 1.5%, in the view of the growth potential of the economy (cbr.ru 2017). The FDI mostly comprises of working capital investments. In the recent years, the country has adopted many reform schemes, but corruption, administrative problems and uncertainties about regional stability have posed significant challenges. The FDI inflow is not expected to improve as long as the conflict in Ukraine and enduring problems of the governing system continue. To maintain a balance, the capital outflow should be reduced. From the FDI data of the UNCTAD and Central Bank of Russia, it is found that the major FDI inflow was in trade and repair of vehicles, 28.3%, followed by manufacturing (23.9%), financial activities and insurance (13.9%), mining and quarrying (13%) and real estate (4.3%) (unctad.org 2017). Thus, textile industry can establish its position to gain the foreign support. If the government shifts its focus to develop the textile industr y, the FDI inflow can happen in that sector and can contribute in the development of this sector, as well as of the economy. (Source: unctad.org 2017) Recommendations To overcome the challenges, it can be recommended that, Russia should promote the technological modernization of the textile industry and the economy through the facilitation of advanced technologies and equipment from abroad. It should expand the usage of the customs and the tariffs for exports, which includes the reduction of duties on the raw materials and equipment for producing export goods and establishment of special zones for processing of export products, and should take measures to eliminate export restrictions in the international market. Russia should adopt measures to increase the level of FDI in the textile industry and reduce the financial regulations to encourage the investors (Makeeva and Chaplygina 2015). In the end, it can be concluded that, the Russian economy is still recovering from the financial crisis of 2008-2009. Although the level of FDI has been improving after the sharp downfall in 2014, the country needs to adopt more liberal policies for increasing the level of foreign investment in the country. The PESTL analysis describes the economic, social, political, technological and legal scenario of the country. The existing level of FDI is 19 billion USD although, the textile sector does not receive any foreign capital. The textile industry is not yet developed and the country imports from the South East Asia. It is an emerging market, where there is a huge opportunity for potential FDI. References Aslund, A., 2013.How capitalism was built: the transformation of Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. cbr.ru, 2017.Statistics | External Sector Statistics | Bank of Russia. [online] Cbr.ru. Available at: https://www.cbr.ru/Eng/statistics/?PrtId=svs [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Ec.europa.eu, 2017.Russia - Trade - European Commission. [online] Ec.europa.eu. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/russia/ [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. European Commission, 2016.Trade and Investment Barriers and Protectionist Trends. [online] trade.ec.europa.eu. Available at: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/june/tradoc_154665.pdf [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Gabaix, X. and Maggiori, M., 2015. International liquidity and exchange rate dynamics.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,130(3), pp.1369-1420. Ghosh, A.R., Ostry, J.D. and Chamon, M., 2016. Two targets, two instruments: monetary and exchange rate policies in emerging market economies.Journal of International Money and Finance,60, pp.172-196. Hameed, A. and Rose, A.K., 2016. Exchange rate behavior with negative interest rates: Some early negative observations. Hansen, P.F.B., 2014.Determinants of net FDI inflow to a cluster of Central and Eastern European countries(Master's thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, s). Kaiser, R.J., 2017.The Geography of Nationalism in Russia and the USSR. Princeton University Press. Kalotay, K., 2015. The impact of the new ruble crisis on Russian FDI. Kuznetsov, S.V. and Mezhevich, N.M., 2016. Industry of Russia: external factors of internal modernization.St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Economics, (1). Liuhto, K., Sutyrin, S.F. and Blanchard, J.M.F. eds., 2016.The Russian Economy and Foreign Direct Investment. Taylor Francis. Makeeva, A. and Chaplygina, A., 2015.Russian Trade Policy. [online] Center for Environment and Sustainable Development. Available at: https://trade.ecoaccord.org/2015/trade_policy_engl.pdf [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Mishra, A. and Agarwal, A., 2017. Impact of FDI on Economic Growth and Employment: A Study of (Brics) Nations. Neumann, I.B., 2016.Russia and the idea of Europe: a study in identity and international relations. Taylor Francis. Paw?ta, E. and Miko?ajczyk, B., 2016. Areas for Improving the innovation performance of the textile industry in Russia.Fibres Textiles in Eastern Europe, (1 (115)), pp.10-14. santandertrade.com, 2017.Foreign investment in Russia. [online] En.portal.santandertrade.com. Available at: https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/establish-overseas/russia/foreign-investment [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Series, F.P.B., 2014. Governance Quality as a Determinant of FDI: the Case of Russian Regions. Shabanova, L.B., Ismagilova, G.N., Salimov, L.N. and Akhmadeev, M.G., 2015. PEST-Analysis and SWOT-Analysis as the most important tools to strengthen the competitive advantages of commercial enterprises.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3), p.705. unctad.org, 2017.unctad.org | Country Fact Sheets 2017. [online] Unctad.org. Available at: https://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Country-Fact-Sheets.aspx [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Vovchenko, N.G., Kochka, V.A. and Pogorelenko, N.S., 2015. PESTLE Analysis. SBERBANK Russia. - ( ), (28), pp.99-101. Wirtschafter, E.K., 2015.Social Identity in Imperial Russia. Northern Illinois University Press. World Bank, 2017.Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP). [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017].

Helping the Private Sector to Achieve and Maintain Infrastructure Security

The infrastructure security has always been on the highest level for the US government. Still, the September 11, 2001 was the breaking point which is considered to be the start for heightened interest in critical infrastructure protection, both in public and in private sectors. To understand the main purpose of the research, it is crucial to check the main notions which are going to be considered, critical infrastructure in private sector.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Helping the Private Sector to Achieve and Maintain Infrastructure Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Critical infrastructure is the notion which identifies physical and computer-based systems, like telecommunications, banking, transportation, water and energy resources, etc. The private sector of the country’s economy is characterized by the organizations which are not controlled by the state, like private firms, companies, banks an d other private non-government organizations (Radvanovsky and McDougall 5). Thus, the main purpose of the research is to consider the main security strategies the private sector uses in the relation to the protection of critical infrastructures. The USA has a Department of Homeland Security which helps the private sector to cope with the problems it may face. Critical Infrastructure Protection Challenges for Private Sector There are a number of different challenges a private sector should cope with the purpose to organize critical infrastructure protection properly. There are a number of different normative laws which are aimed at analyzing those challenges and offering some decisions to solve them. Considering the challenges in addressing cybersecurity, the following key ones may be identified: the organizational stability should be achieved, the roles and capacities of the cybersecurity should be considered and the awareness should be increased, the efficient partnership with stak eholders should be considered, the information exchange should be on the high level (Powner 12). Private sector also faces other challenges, like securing control systems. One the one hand, technological innovations are involved in the sphere and allow specialists to control the process by means of different facilities. On the other hand, the specialized security technologies for control systems are not invented yet due to a number of reasons. Moreover, there are some ideas that securing control systems are not justified economically that create some problems. Finally, the security control systems may become the issue for conflicts on the basis of the priority notion (Dacey 18).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are a number of challenges private sector faces in the informational sphere. National Infrastructure Protection Center is the organization that helps the private sector c ope with those challenges as the establishment of the correct information-sharing relations with the state is the first step for dealing with the problem. These challenges should be faced both by the private sector and by the Department of Homeland Security, even though it is the state institution, the security is going to be on the highest level in the private sector only when the government supports it. Introduction to Threat and Risk Analysis Models To conduct the critical infrastructure protection properly and on the highest level, the risk assessment in the sphere should be provided. Risk management and critical infrastructure protection in the private sector should be conducted on the basis of the assessment, integration, and management of such facilities as threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences. To conduct the risk assessment in the private sector, the following steps should be considered in this succession: The identification of the most critical infrastructures, Ident ification, evaluation and assessment of the threats, Consideration of the vulnerability of those critical assets, Specification of expected risks along with the expected consequences, The next stages should be followed to prioritize risk reduction activities. That is, the specialists should state and evaluate the ways aimed at reducing the risks which have already been highlighted and prioritize risk reduction by means of the risk reductions strategy. The private sector should collaborate with the government with the purpose to be aware of the innovations in the critical infrastructure protection field and to count on the state and its help. The role of the government in the security of the private sector is crucial. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 and other administration documents are directed at helping the private sector to cope with the threats and minimize the risks to minimum. Basic Principles for Critical Infrastructure Protection The fundamental principles for critical i nfrastructure protection may be based on the CARVER method. This method is based on six factors which influence the efficiency of the procedure. CARVER method is a military strategy which is used for identifying the targets for the attacks. It is reasonable to consider these principles for identifying the threats in the private sector directed at critical infrastructure.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Helping the Private Sector to Achieve and Maintain Infrastructure Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This method should be used to prioritize the targets which are considered to be the most vulnerable. Thus, the CARVER method is based on the following components, Criticality, Assessibility, Return, Vulnerability, Effect, and Recognizability. The main principle of this method is to identify the infrastructure with the highest value and to try to protect it by much attempt. The main idea of the criticality is to identify the target which plays crucial role in the achieving the goal and the elimination of which will put a private company much behind. The accessibility means that the company should consider whether the target easily reached or not. The critical infrastructure protection means high level of security and low level of accessibility. The company should check the return capacity of all the critical infrastructures and pay more attention to those which capacity to return is lower. The vulnerability of the target is really essential. The company should try to organize the work in such a way that all objects and targets which may be considered as vulnerable should be protected better. The effects should always be predicted. It is important for the private company to understand the outcomes of the threat in order to prevent those in case of any problems. It is also important to understand that the recognizability of the critical infrastructure is also essential. The private sector should protect its points with the purpose to reduce the risk for the target to be recognized by the competitor and either copied or destroyed (Pavlina n/p). Vulnerability Analysis Models Using the vulnerability analysis model, the company should follow the next steps to make sure that the competing agents are not going to reach the critical infrastructure and are not able to violate the company security. It may be concluded that the main purpose of the vulnerability analysis is to check and reduce the systems which may be available for natural and man-made damages. Thus, the steps one should follow to complete this method are: a) to identify the gaps and research needs in the sector, b) to check the competitors which may be suspected in organizing the attack, and c) to develop the strategies aimed at reducing the threat. The main purpose of this model is to encourage businessmen and entrepreneurs to protect their strategic objects better or, vice versa, to find faults in the criti cal infrastructure protection of the competitors and to use the information to combat them on the business arena (Catlin and Kautter 3).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction to CI/KR Dependencies and Interdependencies The Department of Homeland Security has identified the Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CI/KR) which are protected by the government no matter whether public or private sector is involved in the affair. It is obvious that DHS cannot cope with all the CI/KR, so there are a number of other departments which help. To provide an effective protection of the CI/KR, the public and private sectors should establish good relationships based on the ideas and information exchanges, security planning with sharing the best practices, the coordinating structures should be perfectly established, the collaboration with the international community is important as well as the building of public awareness. The DHS identifies the following CI/KR: agriculture and food, commercial facilities, dams, energy, information technology, postal and shipping, banking and finance, communication, defense industrial base, transportation systems, chemi cal, critical manufacturing, emergency services, healthcare, nuclear reactions, materials and wastes, and water (â€Å"Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources†). If any of those CI/KR are involved into private sector, the company managers should care greatly of its security. Concepts of Continuity Of Operations (COOP) Plans and Continuity Of Government (COG) Continuity of operations is the notion which may be defined as a government effort to make sure that Primary Mission Essential Functions are going to work in spite of any incidents, including natural disasters, technological attacks and other accidents. The main purpose of COOP is to make the private sector, which deals with CI/KR, continue its work no matter what is happening in the country. The Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plan is a map for implementing the program designed by the Continuity Program (FEMA n/p). The Continuity of Government (COG) is defined as the necessity for the government and all its structures and operations to function without paying attention to any of the incidents which happen in the country. The main purpose of the COG is to provide the constitutional protection to the citizens of the country and the constitutional form of the government (FEMA n/p). In conclusion it should be stated that the proper functioning of the government is possible only in case if the private and public sectors work together and are able to collaborate with each others. It is crucial to understand that the critical infrastructure of the company should be properly protected. This means that the CARVER method should be applied to make sure that the cyber systems as well as other engineering systems are properly protected. The vulnerability analysis is really helpful for maintaining security in the critical infrastructure. The Continuity of Operations (COOP) and the Continuity of Government (COG) are the document which state that all systems and projects essential for the state should function, no matter what is happening in the country. Works Cited Catlin, Michelle and Donald Kautter. â€Å"An Overview of the Carver Plus Shock Method for Food Sector Vulnerability Assessments.† Federal state department of agriculture 18 July 2007. Print. â€Å"Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources.† Department of Homeland Security. 2010. Web. Dacey, Robert F. â€Å"Critical Infrastructure Protection: Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems.† United States Government Accountability Office 30 March 2004. Print. FEMA. 2010. Web. Pavlina, Steve. â€Å"How to Prioritize.† Pavlina LLC May 22, 2007. Web. Powner, David A. â€Å"Critical Infrastructure Protection: Challenges in Addressing Cybersecurity.† United States Government Accountability Office 19 July 2005. Print. Radvanovsky, Robert and Allan McDougall. Critical Infrastructure: Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2010. Print. This essay on Helping the Private Sector to Achieve and Maintain Infrastructure Security was written and submitted by user Tyson Dean to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Lover Of The Russian Queen

The Imperial Rapist and Lover-RASPUTIN Gregory Rasputin, who received practically little education, came from the rural Russia and achieved great recognition as a holy man in the highest circles of Russian society. Gregory Efimovich was born on January 10, 1869, in Prokovskoe, a small village in Siberia. As a young lad, Rasputin shocked his village by the fact he was developing into a rake, a man with a debauched, and endless, sexual appetite. It was soon thereafter that the debauched, lecherous peasant adopted the robes of a monk, developed his own self-gratifying doctrines, traveled the country as a â€Å"staretz† and sinned to his heart’s content. By the time he reached his early thirties, Rasputin had traveled to the Holy land and back. It was while in Kazan that the mysterious traveling monk made an impression among the local clergy. It was with the recommendations of these fooled priests that Rasputin headed to St. Petersburg for his first visit. While in the Russian capital, Rasputin’s presen ce attracted the attention of many of the country’s leading religious leaders. The staretz’ traveling tales, as well as the stories he told about his religious revival, seemed to capture the attention of the higher clergy of the Russian empire. The year was 1902.The Tsar’s death seemed imminent as his once strong body caved under the strain of his sickness. No one would have thought that Tsar Alexander III, a giant by most accounts, would be dead before his fiftieth year. And no one was more terrified by the events unfolding at the Imperial compound at Livadia, in the Crimea, as the young heir, Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich. At the time of his father’s death in late 1894, Nicholas was an inexperienced youth wholly unprepared for the great task destiny had placed on his shoulders. Nicholas himself was terribly aware of this and upon his father’s death, the new Tsar consoled himself by asking God to give him the guidance... Free Essays on The Lover Of The Russian Queen Free Essays on The Lover Of The Russian Queen The Imperial Rapist and Lover-RASPUTIN Gregory Rasputin, who received practically little education, came from the rural Russia and achieved great recognition as a holy man in the highest circles of Russian society. Gregory Efimovich was born on January 10, 1869, in Prokovskoe, a small village in Siberia. As a young lad, Rasputin shocked his village by the fact he was developing into a rake, a man with a debauched, and endless, sexual appetite. It was soon thereafter that the debauched, lecherous peasant adopted the robes of a monk, developed his own self-gratifying doctrines, traveled the country as a â€Å"staretz† and sinned to his heart’s content. By the time he reached his early thirties, Rasputin had traveled to the Holy land and back. It was while in Kazan that the mysterious traveling monk made an impression among the local clergy. It was with the recommendations of these fooled priests that Rasputin headed to St. Petersburg for his first visit. While in the Russian capital, Rasputin’s presen ce attracted the attention of many of the country’s leading religious leaders. The staretz’ traveling tales, as well as the stories he told about his religious revival, seemed to capture the attention of the higher clergy of the Russian empire. The year was 1902.The Tsar’s death seemed imminent as his once strong body caved under the strain of his sickness. No one would have thought that Tsar Alexander III, a giant by most accounts, would be dead before his fiftieth year. And no one was more terrified by the events unfolding at the Imperial compound at Livadia, in the Crimea, as the young heir, Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich. At the time of his father’s death in late 1894, Nicholas was an inexperienced youth wholly unprepared for the great task destiny had placed on his shoulders. Nicholas himself was terribly aware of this and upon his father’s death, the new Tsar consoled himself by asking God to give him the guidance...

The Z Notation Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Z Notation - Math Problem Example COUNTER The precondition increments the value of count by one every time a value is added. The precondition indicates that the limit does not change. The precondition indicates that the number of items added cannot exceed 256, which is the limit. If the item to be added in the sequence already exists, the item should not be added to the list. The schema ALREADYADDED helps to control this. ALREADY ADDED The precondition tests if the item to be added already exists in the given sequence. If the value exists , then the system returns a value (ALREADY_ADDED) If the value is already in the sequence the resulting sequence does not change, this precondition is given by The function INFORM: is given by: Combining the three schemas gives the general expression for pushing the item onto the stack. PUSH_ITEM The item (i) becomes a subset of the ITEM The resulting count + 1 must be less than the limit value The limit value does not change The sign depicts change of state If the sequence has the item identical to one being input then, the system displays 'ALREADY_ADDED' (2)POPPING THE ITEM FROM THE STACK The schema for displaying an item isDISPLAY_ITEM For the item to be displayed it must be contained in the sequence The function takes the name of the requested item and finds it and displays all information about the given ITEM. There is no change in state of the system, this is illustrated by the symbol To prevent displaying an item not in the sequence, the system should return a NOT_FOUND result, the expression is given by; NOT_...Each piece can then be described informally with a commentary. The Z schemes describe the dynamic and static aspects of a system. The static aspect of a system includes the states the system can occupy and the relationship maintained when the system transits from state to state. The dynamic aspects include the operation that are possible, the changes that occur and the input - output relationship. (1) The list of persons name and corresponding salaries (can be used by a company to store data of the employees working in that company and also store the salaries of these people.) the reasons for using this type of data are Several people using one name may earn the same salary, the system can be coded to display number of people earning the same salary, this means that the tests data type can be subjected to various operations. To test for rotation a number (i) and the square of the number (i2) can be used. The test data comprise of different numbers and their squares, these numbers form a sequence. The elements can be arranged so that the top most elements are the first members of the given sequence and the last element is greatest number in that list. On rotating left the greatest number and its square becomes the first element of the set.

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Research Paper

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment - Research Paper Example There is a misplaced perception among the masses that child abuse is only sexual in nature. But emotional neglect of the child’s needs and desires by parents or guardians also constitutes child abuse. Childhood is very fragile and emotionally sensitive in nature. It is during this tender age that a child’s perspective and sense of self-worth is formed. Thus, child abuse can have detrimentally and long-lasting effects on the overall health of a child. Child abuse is more prevalent in developing and underdeveloped countries than the developed ones. In the face of grim poverty and starvation, children often become the innocent victims of multiple forms of abuse. In some countries, instances of child abuse are also driven by local myths and traditions. For example, in South Africa, it is believed that sexual intercourse with a virgin would cure a man of HIV.  The practice of child abuse has existed in some form or the other since time immemorial. It was a normal practice for early Greek and Roman civilizations to abandoned deformed or unwanted children, and to offer children as sacrifices to appease the gods. Similar practices were performed in Carthaginian, Roman, Greek, and Aztec societies. In Roman society, the father had absolute authority over his child's life. Sexual abuse of children was also common, but it was never perceived as being illegal or even immoral. It was rather a traditionally accepted phenomenon. But as humankind has progressed as a civilization, attitudes regarding child abuse have drastically changed and rightly so. Child abuse is now recognized as a grotesque social crime, one that can leave ugly scars on a child's life. Not only does it ruin the innocence of the child, but it also leads to psychological problems in adult life. Traditionally, child abuse has been categorized in the following ways- neglect, physical abuse, psychological/emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Of the total reported cases of child abuse, neglect repr esented 54% of confirmed cases of child abuse, physical abuse 22%, sexual abuse 8%, emotional maltreatment 4%, and other forms of maltreatment 12% (National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse). Neglect can imply a situation where the parents fail to satisfy the basic needs of the child including physical, emotional and educational needs. Physical Abuse refers to any act of physical violence committed against a child. Psychological or emotional abuse denotes a pattern of behavior that impedes a child's psychological growth and development. This includes perennial criticism of the child, rejection and all other activities which would adversely affect a child's sense of self-worth. Sexual abuse, which has a rather hazy definition, involves any sexual act between an adult and a child. The more explicit form of sexual abuse occurs when a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult. The more subtle form of sexual abuse, though just as serious, is when "an adult indecently expos es their genitalia to a child, asks or pressures a child to engage in sexual activities, displays pornography to a child, or uses a child to produce child pornography." (Martin et al, 383). Studies have revealed that nearly 15% to 25% of women and 5% to 15% of men were sexually abused when they were children. (Kevin et al, 391).

What does an actor need to know about Bread and Puppet Theatre to Essay

What does an actor need to know about Bread and Puppet Theatre to produce and perform it - Essay Example The research is based on famous Bread and Puppet Theatre located in Glover in Northeast kingdom of Vermont, North America. The research gives an overview on principles and information an actor should know in order to produce and perform it."Theatre is as essential as Bread for daily Life"; "Theatre is a religion" are the principles on which exists the famous Obie Award winning Bread & Puppet Theatre founded in 1962 by Peter Schumann in New York City. Bread and Puppet theatre is one of the oldest, nonprofit and self supporting theatre companies in North America since 1960's.Bread and Puppet theatre, as the name suggests uses different arts in their shows like puppets (hand puppets and rod puppets), music, sculpture, dance etc. Bread and puppet is internationally recognized and renowned theatre group campaigning visually rich performance with slapstick, music and dance. Mostly all the performance of the group are done is streets or in farms or in large rooms (like churches). The partic ipants/actors onstage and offstage are mostly local volunteers. Internationally Bread and Puppet theatre performs massive spectacles with hundreds of participants devoted to social, political and environmental issues and sometimes of simple life issues.As the Bread and Puppet group believes in self dependency, The Company makes its own bread and patent of them is the distribution of self baked bread with "aioli" (garlic sauce) to the audience after every performance as a mean of creating community and from its central principle that "Art should be as basic to life as bread". The Bread and Puppet Group gained high visibility during early 60's and 70's during the time of Vietnam Wars for their Anti Vietnam War events. During the war times Bread and Puppet theatre staged processions involving hundreds of people. By the 80's the puppets had become emblematic of activist pacifism and a sine qua non of American Political theatre. All shows hosted by the group are antiwar, anti capitalism, anti globalization and pro Vermont independence. A brief background of the founder and the group will help a person to understand the foundations the theatre group is laid on. Peter Schumann, the founder of Bread and Puppet theatre was born in New York in 1934.Schumann studied and practiced dance and sculpture in Germany and in 1959 with a friend Dieter Starosky, he created dance group by the name "GRUPPE FUR NEUEN TANZ" (meaning New Dance Group). Schumann's work is not with formal or classical dance. He invented dance which was very different from traditional ballet and expressionist dance. Two years later, in 1961 with his wife Elka and two children he moved to the United States of America. He regularly attended lectures at Cunningham studio as he was heavily influenced by the radical innovations by John Cage and Merce Cunningham but very soon he separated himself from them. Peter was against the use of conventional form of dances ONLY, like Ballet which was a requirement for Cunningham. Cunningham refused to work with anybody who is not familiar with the Ballet form of dance. Peter Schumann-Founder of Bread & Puppet Theatre In 1970'sBread and puppet moved as theatre in residence to Goddard College where they practiced puppetry and exercised gardening and to make bread as a means of self dependency while living by the countryside. In 1974 the group moved into a 140years old hay farm in Glover, Vermont. The farm has a museum which is the resting place of many veteran puppets. Every year Bread and puppet group hosted Domestic Resurrection Circus which was a 2 day outdoor show which included skits highlighting many serious issues with a touch of humor. These Acts ranged from people dancing on Stilts to puppets lions dashing

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Plant Growth

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Plant Growth Nanoparticles are becoming increasingly used as materials in over 2000 consumer products due to their unique chemical, physical and electrical properties. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter and nanoparticles can be 1-100 nm in size. Silver nanoparticles are used for their antibacterial properties in many every day products such as food storage containers, air filtration systems and bandages. Nanomaterials are structures, devices, and systems at the nanometre scale. They are fast becoming an important material that can range from better and faster electronics to more efficient fuel usage, drug discovery and stronger, more resistant materials (Whatmore, 2006). The demand for engineered nanomaterials is a rapidly growing industry which was expected to reach a market size of approximately 2.6 trillion dollars by 2015 (Lee et al., 2010), however there is little knowledge on whether nanomaterials have an adverse effect on the environment or to human health and what the extent of these effects could be. Engineered nanoparticles have a wide range of chemical, physical and electrical properties such as conducting heat with low resistance and being stronger and lighter than other bulk materials (Tolaymat et al., 2017). The broad number of products that contain nanomaterials for consumers may lead to the release of an increased quantity of engineered nanoparticles in to the environment, which display different physiochemical properties than larger materials. (Geisler-Lee et al., 2012).  While the benefits of nanomaterials are broadcasted, their potential effects to the environment and to human health from their widespread use in consumer products are just becoming recognized. (Hoet et al., 2004). There are a number of ways that nanoparticles can be released in to the environment as shown in Figure 1. There are a number of different entry points for engineered nanomaterials into the environment, including wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, and WWTP sludge, however, it is difficult to estimate the relevant concentrations of nanoparticles that will be released in to the environment (Maurer-Jones et al., 2013). Once nanoparticles enter the environment there can be movement throughout the environment. One way this could happen is through food webs. If nanoparticles are consumed by organisms on a low trophic level thy may begin to accumulate in organisms at higher trophic levels. One of the challenges for working out the dangers associated with nanomaterial release in to the environment is the concern related to how clear our knowledge of how the properties of nanomaterials change once they interact with the environment. Also, nanoparticle properties can be affected by conditions, such as soil chemistry, pH, and organic matter. (Darlington et al., 2009) One of these effects to the environment could be the release of nanomaterials, through different pathways, in to bodies of water including lakes, rivers, and streams which could also cause run off in to soils and in to the air. Recent research (Das et al., 2012) showed that AgNPs rapidly but temporarily inhibited natural bacterioplankton production. Nanoparticles can affect biological behaviour at the cellular, subcellular and protein levels of a plant. The effect of nanomaterials on plant species is a topic that is being widely researched however there is still no conclusive answer on whether nanomaterials, specifically silver nanoparticles, have a negative impact on plant species, however metallic engineered nanoparticles may have stimulatory and inhibitory effects on plants. Arabidopsis thaliana is widely used in scientific research and was used in this study to further investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles on germination of seeds and also chlorophyll fluorescence after treatment with differing concentrations of nanomaterials. The silver nanoparticles used in this experiment were capped with PVP; this is because capped nanoparticles are less likely to aggregate in the solution over time and are more stable than uncapped nanoparticles (Tejamaya et al., 2012). Due to this a control of PVP had to be used to show that the capping had no effect on the plant species itself. Two mutations of A. thaliana seed were used in this experiment to test the effects of silver nanoparticles. The two sizes of silver nanoparticles were dissolved in distilled water which also meant that distilled water had to be used as a control to show that, on its own, it had no effect on the plant germination. Silver nitrate was also used at differing concentrations as a third control to show any differences between nanoparticles and as silver nitrates can be reduced, with PVP as a stabilizer, to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Samadi et al., 2010). As silver nanoparticles are smaller in size than silver nitrate particles, there will be a higher abundance of nanoparticles within the solution at a given concentration than silver nitrates. The effect of silver nanoparticles on plant species is important due to the many ways that nanoparticles can be dispersed in the environment. Relatively few studies have investigated the toxicological and environmental effects of engineered nanoparticles (Smita et al., 2012). However, the concentrations used in this experiment would generally be higher than the concentrations of these nanoparticles in the environment, although accurate concentrations in the environment are still not fully known. This is because their concentration in the environment will depend on factors such as the amount of the material released over time. The nanoparticles may become physically or chemically altered by environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity of water and also these factors may alter the form of the nanoparticles, exposure, and transport through the environment.   There is still concern over the potential impacts of engineered nanoparticles in the environment on aquatic and ter restrial organisms. Although some data indicates that current risks of engineered nanoparticles in the environment may be low, what we know of the potential impacts of engineered nanoparticles in the environment is still limited. There is still a demand for continued work to further understand the exposure levels for engineered nanoparticles in environmental systems and try and further our knowledge on the significance of these levels in terms of the environment which is what has been addressed in this project (Boxall et al., 2007). A similar study was carried out by (Obaid, 2016) which evaluated the impact of capped silver nanoparticles on terrestrial and aquatic plants, one of the terrestrial plants being A. thaliana . In this study chlorophyll fluorescence and gaseous exchange of the plants were measured to analyse the effects of the capped silver nanoparticles. The study showed that the capped silver nanoparticles displayed varying toxicity to the plants at higher concentrations, with particular interest to how they effected the germination of A. thaliana, with inhibition of germination at a concentration of 100mg/l of capped silver nanoparticles. The outcome of this study found that there are many factors that have significance on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles which includes exposure method, released ions, plant species, light intensity and growth mediums. However the concentrations used in the study by (Obaid, 2016),   much like the concentrations used in this project, are exaggerated and concentr ations as high as these will not be present in the environment as yet although it is important to test high concentrations due to large quantities of nanoparticles being used in every day products therefore such concentrations may be present in the environment in the very near future.

Capital Punishment Essay: Just Say No -- Argumentative Persuasive Topi

Capital Punishment: Just Say No      Ã‚  This essay will show that the United States is on an execution rampage. Since capital punishment was reinstated by the Supreme Court in the 1976 Gregg v. Georgia decision(Gregg), more than 525 men and women have been put to death by the state. More than 150 of these executions have taken place since 1996. 3,500 people are on death row today, awaiting their turn with the executioner. Capital punishment has existed throughout most of the course of our nation's history.    By the mid-1960s, however, public opposition to the death penalty had reached an all-time high, and the practice was banned by the Supreme Court in the 1972 Furman v. Georgia(Furman) decision. The Court held that state death penalty statutes were devoid of any standards, and that they therefore gave too much discretion to individual judges and juries to exact the ultimate punishment. Soon after the Furman decision, states began passing new laws that provided sentencing guidelines for juries. The Supreme Court was given another opportunity to address the issue of capital punishment in 1976, in Gregg v. Georgia, and it ruled that "the punishment of death does not invariably violate the Constitution." Since this ruling, capital punishment rates have grown exponentially in the United States.    In 1994, the Federal Death Penalty Act(Federal) authorized capital punishment for more than 60 offenses, including some crimes that do not involve murder. Moreover, the 1996 Anti- Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act created new barriers to effective federal review of constitutional claims in capital cases. Congress and many states have also slashed funding for most of the legal representation death row inmates forme... ... only two. Southern states, particularly Texas (443 death row inmates in 1999), hand down significantly more death sentences than those in the rest of the country. California, the state with the largest penal system, had 513 inmates on death row in the spring of 1999. Such state-to-state disparities exist because death penalty statutes are a patchwork of disparate standards, rules and practices and the consequence is the difference between life and death. Furthermore, some prosecutors are more zealous in seeking the death penalty than others - particularly if they are running for re-election.    WORKS CITED: Federal Death Penalty Act  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/feddp.html Furman v Goergia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.thinkquest.org/library/lib/site_sum_outside.html?tname=2760&url=2760/furman.htm Gregg v. Georgia  Ã‚   http://www.lectlaw.com/files/case26.htm

Six Sigma Applied to Warehouse Operation

A project Report on â€Å"DMAIC App to improve Warehouse Operation† Undertaken At xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Warehouse In fulfilment of Capstone Project of Post Graduate Diploma in Industrial Engineering (PGDIE) By Rajul Agarwal (103) Puneet Jain (107) PGDIE- 41 Under the guidance of Dr. K. Maddulety Professor NITIE, Mumbai National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Mumbai-400087 Acknowledgement â€Å"Too often we are so preoccupied with the destination, we forget the guiding light† -anonymousI take this opportunity to extend my sincere thanks to HCCB, India for offering a unique platform to earn exposure and garner knowledge in the field of Warehousing Management. I wish to extend my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to my guide Mr. Sudhakar Nair, Warehouse Manager HCCB who guided, supported and encouraged me during the entire tenure of the project. I sincerely thanks to Dr K. Maddulety, my faculty guide, who has been guiding me throughout the project. 1. Executive SummaryThis p roject illustrates an approach to address the complexities faced by beverage industry by identifying critical supply chain activities which indirectly affect Customer Satisfaction. The solution is based on Six Sigma implementation through DMAIC Approach at these critical nodes. It has been established through various experiments that Customer Loyalty & Retention is very low in such industry; hence the customer satisfaction is directly affected by product unavailability. So the product availability is found to be a major concern here as it directly affects the customers buying decision.It is observed that in this industry, Product availability is majorly affected by the inconsistencies at the warehouse. This project particularly focuses on these warehousing processes which include the transportation of goods from plant to warehouse, then storing goods at warehouse and finally dispatching of goods to the customers. Based on this we have attempted to provide a blue print of possible ad vantages such as improved fill rates and better service levels. An empirical study was conducted at XYZ Beverage Company which produces carbonated soft drinks (CSD) and Non-Carbonated Beverages (NCB).Subsequently, its complete warehousing operation process was understood and DMAIC approach was used to improve the process dynamics. In the measure phase, using Process Capability Analysis it was found that the warehouse process doesn’t follow six sigma levels owing to the high level of damages/defectives and additionally there was a vast scope of improvement. Henceforth, Root cause analysis was done to identify the various causes of damages/defectives. The major causes identified here were lack of standardized operating procedures (SOP), over stacking & overloading.In the implementation phase, an action plan divided Phase wise, is proposed here so as to take into account variability caused by the two shifts in which the warehouse operates. A strict control needs to be followed s o as to maintain six sigma levels, for which p-chart type should be used in combination with proposed Warehouse Operation check list. Table of Contents: Acknowledgement| †¦1 | 1. Executive Summary | †¦2| 2. Literature Review| †¦4| 3. Introduction| †¦4| 4. Process Mapping| †¦5| 5. Define Phase 6. 1 DMAIC project Charter Worksheet 6. 2 CTQ tree 6. Voice of Customer 6. 4 Voice of Business | †¦5†¦5†¦5†¦6†¦6| 6. Measure Phase 7. 5 data to be measured 7. 6 Process sigma calculation 7. 7 Statistical summary of defectives 7. 8 Control chart 7. 9 Process capability analysis| †¦6†¦6†¦7†¦7†¦8†¦9| 7. Analysis Phase 8. 10 Root Cause analysis| †¦9†¦9| 8. Implementation Phase 9. 11 Proposed action plan 9. 12. 1 Dividing process 9. 12. 2 Major Changes Identified| †¦10†¦10†¦10†¦10| 9. Control Phase 10. 12 identifying the controlling elements 10. 13 FMEA 10. 4 SPC charts| †¦11†¦12â € ¦14†¦15| 10. Conclusion | †¦16| 11. References| †¦16| 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. DMAIC Approach to Improve the Capability of SMT Solder Printing Process This paper implements the Define-Measure-Analyse-Improve-Control (DMAIC) approach to improve the capability of the solder paste printing process by reducing thickness variations from a nominal value. Process mapping and identifying key QCH are carried out in the â€Å"Define† phase here, while mean (x) and range R control charts followed by the estimates of process capability indices are adopted in the â€Å"Measure† phase.Then, the Taguchi method including L18 orthogonal array (OA), signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for S/N ratio is implemented in the â€Å"Analyse† phase. Taguchi’s two-step optimization is conducted in the â€Å"Improve phase. † Finally, the x and R control charts for solder thickness are used in the â€Å"Control† phase. This pa per was used to understand the DMAIC implementation process methodology followed by any process. The insights obtained were how Process capability analysis was carried out and furthermore how use of control charts be validated. . Applying Six Sigma Techniques in Plastic Injection Moulding Industry This paper presents an approach to implement a six sigma technique to decrease the scrap rate in a plastic injection molding plant. The primary tools used here are SIPOC, MSA, FMEA, P-Control Charts and Hypothesis Testing. In this case study we compare the average scrap rate for the â€Å"Before† study period with the average scrap rate of the â€Å"After† study period. This paper was used to understand the use of p-charts and how they can be applied in processes were defectives are being looked at.The insights obtained were effective use of FMEA and p-charts in such processes. 3. Introduction: HCCB operates a warehouse in Sewri. It caters to South and central Mumbai. It has a capacity of around 2000 Pallets or approximately 3-4 Lacs bottles (includes Recyclable Glass Bottles + pet bottles + can). It has around 35 mini trucks which daily carries around 38 thousand of bottles dispatched from the warehouse and deliver it to the different stockist/Retailers. The warehouse operates in two shifts every afternoon consignment comes from plant to the warehouse which is unloaded there and then stacked.Every morning at a specified place called floor the pallets are arranged inspected and then containers are loaded to the mini trucks which deliver it to the stockists/retailers. 4. Process Mapping: When a truck containing pallets of soft drinks is loaded at the plant it is fully inspected and then move towards the Warehouse * Once it is reached to the Warehouse, forklifts unload the pallets and then arrange it in the warehouse * FIFO is followed for outflow of goods Now the pallets are arranged at a floor where all the pallets are inspected * Simultaneously with in spection carriers (small trucks) keep on arranging inside the warehouse * During inspection if any damage is found then it is replaced by the same fresh item * After inspection the containers are loaded (Manually) to the carriers * While loading some bottles gets damaged that is also replaced by the fresh one and a count is kept for damaged goods * Once the loading is done the carriers move towards their destiny i. e. either to Stockist/retailers 5. Define Phase: 4. 1 DMAIC project charter worksheetDMAIC Project Charter Worksheet| Project Title: To reduce the damages& improve the productivity of warehousing process| Project Guide:Prof. Madhu Letty,MrSudhakar Nair| Team Members: Rajul Agrawal, Puneet Jain| Business Case: Reduce the cost of warehousing & last mile delivery| Problem Statement: The task is to identifythe sigma level of warehousing process including last mile delivery as a single processand then analyse the process and find the scope of improvement| Goal Statement:To imp rove the warehousing process & reduce damages| 4. 2 CTQ Tree: Reduce damages Men Machine Method * Proper Training Learning Curve * Commitment * Proper Maintenance * Proper Stacking * Use of Rodent boxes * Inspection 4. 3 Voice of Customer: Here the customers are stockists/retailers to whom the goods are delivered. The Voice of Customer (VOC) is used to describe customer’s needs and their perceptions of product or service. The customer requirements from process and product are: * No damage/deformed item should reach to customer * If any damage is found then on the spot replacement * Customers don’t want to keep the track of damaged items which needs to be replaced next time when delivery van will come 4. Voice of Business: VOB is something which is critical from the perspective of stakeholders (WHse managers, Operators, All sorts of employees etc. ) in the business. * Improve profitability * Reduce cost * Least damages * Improve fill rate * Improve customer satisfaction 6. Measure Phase: 5. 1 Data to be measured: The following table shows the defective items noted in the month of October- November. From this data we calculated the defective proportion & defects per million opportunities. Defective Items| Total Items loaded| Defective proportion| DPMO| 145| 392732| 0. 000369209| 369. 2087| 55| 392700| 0. 000394703| 394. 7033| 132| 378243| 0. 000348982| 348. 982| 159| 332345| 0. 000478419| 478. 4185| 165| 402389| 0. 000410051| 410. 051| 145| 345673| 0. 000419472| 419. 4716| 123| 326789| 0. 00037639| 376. 3897| 190| 389023| 0. 000488403| 488. 403| 120| 334565| 0. 000358675| 358. 6747| 110| 324123| 0. 000339377| 339. 3773| 121| 306543| 0. 000394724| 394. 7244| 156| 402489| 0. 000387588| 387. 5882| 212| 437698| 0. 000484352| 484. 3522| 138| 290873| 0. 000474434| 474. 4339| 112| 238945| 0. 000468727| 468. 7271| 119| 367545| 0. 00032377| 323. 7699| 129| 263421| 0. 00048971| 489. 7104| 56| 463752| 0. 000336387| 336. 3867| 145| 375643| 0. 000386005| 386. 0 048| 123| 342356| 0. 000359275| 359. 2751| 90| 289532| 0. 000310846| 310. 8465| 225| 462163| 0. 000486841| 486. 8412| 121| 284532| 0. 00042526| 425. 2597| 175| 404512| 0. 00043262| 432. 62| 180| 403212| 0. 000446415| 446. 4153| 127| 329261| 0. 000385712| 385. 7122| 212| 431962| 0. 000490784| 490. 7839| 132| 337961| 0. 000390578| 390. 5776| 198| 326781| 0. 00060591| 605. 9104| 109| 392861| 0. 000277452| 277. 4518| 5. 2 Process Sigma Calculation: Average no. of items loaded each day = 360418 Average no. of defective items per day = 148Average defective proportion = 0. 000411328 Average DPMO = 411 Value of Sigma = 4. 9 Since the process sigma is 4. 9 which is less than 6. Now the next task is to analyse the process to find the scope of improvement. 5. 3 Statistical summary of â€Å"No. of defective items observed at various days† Observations: * Since P-value >0. 05 so the data passes the normality test * From the histogram it is visible that frequency distribution of defective data can be approximated to normal distribution * Since the data can be approximated as normally distributed we can apply process capability and SPC analysis . 4 Control Chart: Here in this case when the goods are inspected either they will be accepted to be shipped or simply discarded. So here we are not concerned with the no. of defects but concerned with the non-conformances (defectives). So the P-chart has been selected for SPC analysis:- Observations: * The above P-chart shows that all the observations lie inside the natural control limits. * It can be said that the process is under statistical control. * Since the process is under statistical control we can check for its capability. 7. Process Capability Analysis using MINITAB 15: * The desire is to minimise the damages to nil so the target valueis set to be zero. Observations: * Process sigma = 3. 34 * PPM Def = 410 which is lesser than 3. 4 ppm 7. Analysis Phase: 6. 1 Root Cause Analysis: 6 Implementation Phase: 7. 1 Propose d Action Plan: 7. 1. 1 Dividing the whole process of warehousing to deliver goods to the stockist/retailers into 4 stages: The process is divided into 4 stages on the basis of people& machines involved. In stage 1 goods are transported to the warehouse by one set of people (3 PL).Since warehouse operates in 2 shifts so when the trucks come from plant to warehouse that is unloaded by different set of people & in stage 3 â€Å"stacking at floor+ inspection + loading containers to carriers† are done by different set of people (working in 2nd shift). In stage 4 the goods transported from warehouse to stockists/retailers by different set of people and different carriers are involved. The purpose of dividing the whole process into 4 stages is to get more specific causes stage by stage and to get more insights.Since the different people and machines are involved in each stage so some specific plans may be put in place to reduce the damages. The following table shows the different ca uses and actions: Stage| Causes| Action Plan| 1| * In-Transit Damages * Bad Road Conditions * Mishandling by the operators| * Since in stage 1 the transportation is done by the 3PL so while selecting 3PL service provider company can bring some clauses in the agreement related to minimum breakage acceptable * Operators can be nstructed to follow the best route * Maintenance of carriers periodically after a specified time| 2| * Jerk in forklift * Over stacking * Improper training * Mishandling by the operators| * Establish SOP for the forklifts operation * Periodic maintenance of forklifts * Company currently uses diesel run forklifts that can be replaced by battery operated forkliftswhich require less maintenance * Provide incentives to the operators for achieving a certain level of damage free work * Provide ergonomically fithandles to the containers * Pet bottle packets as shown below gets unwrapped sometimes that needs proper packaging * Above kind of packaging can be either repla ced by carton (but that would not be a cost effective solution) or same packaging can be improved | 3| * Improper operation/jerk in forklift * Improper inspection * Mishandling | * Try not to rotate the people involved in inspection so that their learning curve makes them more efficient in that particular task * Provide incentive to the employees * Encourage employees | 4| * Overloading * Improper truck operation| * Avoid overloading * Proper training to the truck operators * Hire experienced operators * Provide incentives| | Environmental Causes * Rat Bite| * Especially tetra packed drinks are attacked by Rats * Use Rodent boxes to kill the rats * Daily check the rodent boxes & clean it if needed| 7. 1. 2 Major changes which can be brought in future to improve the overall process * SOP for forklift operations * Proper maintenance of forklifts and Trucks * Use of battery operated forklifts * Avoid overloading * Avoid over stacking 7 Control Phase: 8. 1 Identifying the Controlling El ements:The Critical-To-Quality Elements needs a proper control and inspection and hence the following Steps can be taken for the same: 1. Fork Lift Inspection Check Sheet: 2. Training Check List/ Regular Knowledge Tests 3. Rodent/ Insects Check List 4. Better Stacking Procedures a. Increasing the strength of the pallets from by increasing the cross pieces by 8 from 5 for the same 5cm x 10cm boards. b. In case of need to over stack during peak demand, we can keep the crates at a cross position so that the load gets distributed 8. 2 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA): Use of FMEA tool for better analysis of damage reasons will help establishing a better control procedure. FMEA Flow Diagram 8. 3 Use Statistical Process Control (SPC) Charts:The case here is for graphing defectives for a varying sub group set. Hence use of p-chart should be used for continuous control. It will check when the variation is natural and when it needs correction. The following excel template can be used where directly data can be entered and the resulting p-chart will be generated. Excel template for Formulating p-chart 9. ESTIMATED BENEFITS OF PROJECT The biggest benefit of the project is in terms of reducing the risk of product unavailability downstream. The probability of defects can be drastically decreased and remain in specification limits. * 4-Stage Implementation phase for reducing defectives * Increased Sigma Levels approaching six sigma standards Increased Customer satisfaction and Product availability * Laid down Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for better warehouse operations control 10. CONCLUSION The reasons for the excessive defects are found. Over-stacking, Over-Loading & improper forklift operation were found out to be prime reasons using Cause and Effect Diagram. These were considered the CTQ’s for the warehousing operation. Project benefits were estimated and it is found that this improvement can bring the improvement in fill rate. 11. REFERENCES: * ww w. dmaictools. com * www. sixsigmatutorial. com * www. sixsigma. in * Six Sigma Way ? Team Field book by Peter S. Pande, Robert P. Neuman and Roland R. Cavanagh * Six Sigma for managers by Greg Brue

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